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Aflevering 1, 2017 Alle samenvattingen uitklappen
Redactioneel

Van de redactie

Auteurs Dr. Tamara Metze
Auteursinformatie

Dr. Tamara Metze
Dr. Tamara Metze is voorzitter van de redactie van Beleid en Maatschappij.
Artikel

Wat is het effect van transparante toezichthouders op het vertrouwen van de burger? Een experimentele studie.

Trefwoorden Trust, Transparency, Regulator, Randomised control trial, Experiment
Auteurs Prof. mr. dr. Femke de Vries, Dr. Wilte Zijlstra en Dr. Stephan Grimmelikhuijsen
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Transparency is said to be paramount for citizen’s trust in (semi-)governmental organizations, such as regulators and supervisory bodies, yet there is little empirical research in this area.
    In an experiment we investigated the effect of different forms of transparency on citizen trust in a Dutch financial regulator. Our measure of trust consisted of three components: Competence, Benevolence and Integrity. Two types of transparency were used (rationale transparency and process transparency) in three different scenarios, one positive for the regulator and two negative.
    Transparency, and especially when focused on the ‘why’ (rationale) led to slightly more trust by citizens. This effect was most pronounced in the Competence-component of our trust-measure. Interestingly, even being transparent about negative news – i.e. admitting that mistakes were made and focusing on the ‘why’ – does not necessarily decrease trust. In contrast, negative information that focused on the ‘how’ (process transparency) yielded a negative effect on trust.
    We conclude that even when the message portrays negative information about the regulator, it pays to be transparent and communicate about it. Information should focus on explaining the rationale and underlying principles of a decision, and less on how the decision was taken.


Prof. mr. dr. Femke de Vries
Prof. mr. dr. Femke de Vries is bijzonder hoogleraar toezicht aan de faculteit Rechtsgeleerdheid, Universiteit van Groningen, en bestuurslid bij de Autoriteit Financiële Markten.

Dr. Wilte Zijlstra
Dr. Wilte Zijlstra is toezichthouder Expertisecentrum Consumentengedrag, Autoriteit Financiële Markten.

Dr. Stephan Grimmelikhuijsen
Dr. Stephan Grimmelikhuijsen is universitair docent aan de Utrechtse School voor Bestuurs- en Organisatiewetenschap, Universiteit Utrecht.
Artikel

Het aantal zelfstandige bestuursorganen in Nederland 1993-2013

Trefwoorden Agencies, Organizational demography, Public management reform, Population ecology, Dutch government
Auteurs Prof. dr. Sandra van Thiel en Jesper Verheij MSc
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    In several countries the number of semi-autonomous agencies is under attack. The Dutch government has also presented plans to reduce the number of so-called ZBOs (zelfstandige bestuursorganen). But do public organizations like ZBOs actually die? Using population ecology theory we formulate a number of hypotheses on the survival and reform of ZBOs. These hypotheses are tested using secondary data on the number of ZBOs in The Netherlands in the past two decades. Results show that the absolute number of ZBOs has increased rather than decreased. Only seldom does a ZBO die. But ZBOs do experience many changes during their lifetime, such as mergers. The politicians’ plans seem targeted at improving their overview of all ZBOs. Whether the implementation of the plans will lead to that remains to be seen. Experiences in other countries do not confirm these expectations so far.


Prof. dr. Sandra van Thiel
Prof. dr. Sandra van Thiel is hoogleraar bestuurskunde aan de Radboud Universiteit.

Jesper Verheij MSc
Jesper Verheij MSc is beleidsmedewerker bij het ministerie van OCW.

    In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.


Dr. Tamara Metze
Dr. Tamara Metze is voorzitter van de redactie van Beleid en Maatschappij.
Casus

Access_open Tijd voor een gewetensonderzoek

Auteurs Prof. dr. Gabriël van den Brink
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
    Good work of any professional, including that of academics, consists of three elements: Ethics, Excellence and Engagement. Psychology professor Howard Gardner from Harvard developed a toolkit to identify the specifics of these three E’s for different professionals. Professor Gabriël van den Brink, Wout Scholten and Thijs Jansen unraveled how excellence, ethics and engagement are defined by Dutch academic scholars. They question the effects of an academic regime in which judgements about scientific quality are replaced by the counting of publications, the education of students is severely neglected and job satisfaction has been affected by bureaucratic obligations. Speaking about the human sciences more specifically, this essay advocates a better understanding of social complexity, a more convincing engagement with problems that influence many people and acknowledgement of the fact that the human sciences can only demonstrate their relevance in the long run.


Prof. dr. Gabriël van den Brink
Prof. dr. Gabriël van den Brink is werkzaam bij Centrum Ethos, faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen, Filosofie van Cultuur en Bestuur, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

    In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
    ‘Fact free politics’ and ‘post-truth politics’ are considered to pose a severe threat to democracies as they seem to ruin shared perceptions of reality and render it impossible to distinguish opinion from fact. However, it is questionable whether fueling public and political debates with scientific facts offers a counterweight. First, scientific facts are not free from interpretation and can be regarded as ‘theory-laden’. Second, scientific research may determine facts but it may not claim the monopoly to determine the public meaning attached to these facts. Third, facts not only function to explain or to describe reality, they also affect reality. Given these considerations, the ‘science versus fact free politics’ debate could profit from a more realistic view on the status of facts.


Prof. dr. Huub Dijstelbloem
Prof. dr. Huub Dijstelbloem is werkzaam bij de faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen, capaciteitsgroep Philosophical Tradition in Context, Filosofie van Wetenschap en Politiek.

    In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
    According to many commentators, the system of science is in a crisis: it is characterized by perverse incentives, it is contested and misused, and it has lost its authority. In this essay, I suggest that the answer to this crisis lies in a broadening of the notion of scientific integritiy from the conduct of individual researchers to the wider context of the science-policy-society interface. Specifically, I argue for the need to foster what I call here ‘relations of integrity’. In these relations, science reflects on the role it plays and takes into account the context in which knowledge is produced and used. It has to maintain independence, while fully recognizing that value free knowledge does not exist and that multiple forms of independence are possible, and it needs to be accountable for the decisions it makes and for the consequences of those decisions.


Prof. dr. Esther Turnhout
Prof. dr. Esther Turnhout is werkzaam bij de Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen Universiteit.

    In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.


Dr. Duco Bannink
Dr. Duco Bannink is redactielid van Beleid en Maatschappij.

Dr. David Hollanders
Dr. David Hollanders is redactielid van Beleid en Maatschappij.

Dr. Alexandre Afonso
Dr. Alexandre Afonso is assistant professor aan de Universiteit van Leiden.

Professor Christoffer Green-Pedersen
Christoffer Green-Pedersen is professor of Political Science at Aarhus University, Denmark. He is the author of The Politics of Justification. Party Competition and Welfare-State Retrenchment in Denmark and the Netherlands from 1982 to 1998, Amsterdam University Press 2002.

    Reflection and debate initiates academically inspired discussions on issues that are on the current policy agenda.


Dr. Caelesta Braun
Dr. Caelesta Braun is redactielid van Beleid en Maatschappij.
Discussie

Politiek en duisternis

Auteurs Prof. dr. Paul Frissen
SamenvattingAuteursinformatie

    Reflection and debate initiates academically inspired discussions on issues that are on the current policy agenda.


Prof. dr. Paul Frissen
Prof. dr. Paul Frissen is decaan en bestuursvoorzitter van de Nederlandse School voor Openbaar Bestuur in Den Haag en hoogleraar bestuurskunde aan de Tilburg University. Zijn laatste boek is Het geheim van de laatste staat. Kritiek van de transparantie. Amsterdam: Boom 2016.

    Reflection and debate initiates academically inspired discussions on issues that are on the current policy agenda.


Dr. Joost Berkhout
Dr. Joost Berkhout is universitair docent politieke wetenschappen aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam.

    Reflection and debate initiates academically inspired discussions on issues that are on the current policy agenda.


Arjan El Fassed
Arjan El Fassed is directeur van Open State Foundation, een organisatie die zich inzet voor transparantie en publieke informatie via open data. Hij was Tweede Kamerlid voor GroenLinks en werkte voor internationale organisaties op het gebied van mensenrechten.

    In this feature authors review recently published books on subjects of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.


Dr. Erna Ruijer
Dr. Erna Ruijer is postdoctoraal onderzoeker bestuurs- en organisatiewetenschap aan de Universiteit Utrecht.

    The most relevant part of a discussion is not what is discussed but what cannot be spoken of. The real taboos are those for which it is taboo to call them taboos. The status quo defines itself as non-ideological while denouncing any challenge to itself as radical. Therefore the column ‘De Blinde Vlek’ frames the framers, politicizes the status quo and articulates what is not heard of.


Dr. Martin Rosema
Martin Rosema is als universitair docent politicologie verbonden aan de Universiteit Twente. Hij is gespecialiseerd in verkiezingen en referenda en deed onderzoek naar het ontwerp en de effecten van kieswijzers.