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DOI: 10.5553/PLC/.000051A

Politics of the Low CountriesAccess_open

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Appendix Using Process-Tracing to Evaluate Competing Accounts of Proportional Representation in Belgium

Trefwoorden proportional representation, Belgium, institutional change, electoral threat, extra-institutional threat, protest mobilisation
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Nina Barzachka, "Appendix Using Process-Tracing to Evaluate Competing Accounts of Proportional Representation in Belgium", Politics of the Low Countries, 2, (2023):1-28

    Analyses of the historical origins of proportional representation (PR) in Belgium have helped shed light on the origins of electoral systems in Western Europe. Nevertheless, debates over what exactly led to the introduction of PR in Belgium persist. Was it electoral threat, Left existential threat or a combination of these two factors? This article applies the completeness standard for process-tracing and employs theoretical insights from the institutional change literature to evaluate these explanations. It re-examines the historical sources used by the extant scholarship of the Belgian case. It finds that both extra-institutional threat and electoral threat fluctuated over time, interacted with one another and mattered during different points of the electoral system reform process. In 1899, when pure PR was finally introduced, both of these factors played a role.

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The author would like to thank Royden Clark, Margarita Dilkovska, Carol Mershon, Marina Omar, the anonymous reviewers, and the editors and editorial staff at Politics of the Low Countries. All errors remain mine. The archival research was sponsored by the Dumas Malone Graduate Research Fellowship at the University of Virginia.

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